Friday April 26, 2024
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Measles Remerges in the U.S. with Five Current Outbreaks

In the wake of five current measles outbreaks throughout the United States, the University of Louisville Division of Infectious Diseases and the Department of Public Health and Wellness are teaming up to host two reduced-cost immunization clinics on for Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) and chickenpox April 19 and April 20.

The clinics will be held at the University of Louisville Vaccine and International Travel Clinic at 501 W. Broadway, Suite 110, on Friday April 19 from 5 – 8 p.m. and on Saturday April 20 from 10 a.m. – 2 p.m. 

Vaccines are $40.00 per dose and will be provided on a first-come, first-serve basis while supplies last.  This special rate is considerably less than the regular price of $80-$120 per dose for MMR vaccine and the $100-$150 per dose for chickenpox vaccine.  Because of the below-cost rate, insurance cannot be accepted at the clinic.  Cash, credit card and medical spending accounts will be accepted.

Anyone who falls into one or more of the following categories should be immunized:

  • Adults who do not have evidence of receiving 2 doses of MMR vaccine in the past
  • Children and adolescents under the age of 18 years should have received MMR vaccine and chickenpox vaccine from their pediatrician or primary care provider.  If not, they may come to one of the clinics for evaluation
  • Adults who do not have evidence of receiving 2 doses of chickenpox vaccine and have not had diagnosed chicken pox
  • Individuals preparing for international travel
  • Adults previously vaccinated between 1963-1967 (typically, adults now in their fifties) when the measles vaccine administered may have been ineffective
  • Adults previously vaccinated between 1963-1991 who may have received only a single dose of MMR vaccine
  • Anyone wanting to be vaccinated who is unsure of their vaccination status.

Measles can be deadly, particularly in children; two to three out of every 1000 people infected will die from measles.  Measles is reemerging in the United States largely because of pockets of unvaccinated populations throughout the country.  As people travel outside the United States to countries where measles is prevalent and then return home, or when unvaccinated international travelers visit our country, the disease has the chance to spread among those who have not been immunized. 

“Many visitors will be traveling to Louisville for Derby, both from outside the United States where the disease is prevalent and from areas inside our country that are currently experiencing outbreaks. Our focus at the Vaccine and Travel Clinic is on illness prevention, and that’s why it’s so important to us that parents and children get immunized now,” said Dr. Ruth Carrico, of the Division of Infectious Diseases of the University of Louisville.

“Measles is one of our most contagious diseases and MMR is one of our most effective vaccines.  It’s totally unnecessary that children and adults should be unprotected against this deadly disease.  We urge everyone to be immunized,” said Dr. Lori Caloia, Medical Director of the Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness.

Measles outbreaks of three or more cases had been reported in five states including Washington, New York City, New York’s Rockland County, Texas, Illinois and California.  Seven other states, including Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, New Hampshire, New Jersey and Oregon, had also seen measles cases.  Louisville has not had any measles cases so far this year. Kentucky’s sole case involved an unvaccinated child living in the south-central part of the state who had traveled outside the United States. 

Uninsured individuals can also receive MMR and chickenpox vaccines from the Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness.  Phone 574-5380.

The Kentucky Department for Public Health (DPH), within the Cabinet for Health and Family Services (CHFS) is raising the influenza (flu) level in the state from “regional” to “widespread.” Widespread activity is the highest level of flu activity, which indicates increased flu-like activity or flu outbreaks in at least half of the regions in the state.

“With widespread flu activity reported in Kentucky, now is a good time to protect yourself and your family by getting a flu shot”, said Hiram C. Polk, Jr., M.D., commissioner of DPH. “We urge anyone who hasn’t received a flu vaccine, particularly those at high risk for complications related to the flu, to check with local health departments or other providers.”

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends flu vaccine for all individuals six months of age and older. However, the nasal spray flu vaccine should not be used because it has been shown to be ineffective. People who are strongly encouraged to receive the flu vaccine because they may be at higher risk for complications or negative consequences include:

• Children age six months through 59 months;
• Women who are or will be pregnant during the influenza season;
• Persons 50 years of age or older;
• Persons with extreme obesity (Body Mass Index of 40 or greater);
• Persons aged six months and older with chronic health problems;
• Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities;
• Household contacts (including children) and caregivers of children aged ≤59 months
(i.e., aged   aged • Household contacts and caregivers or people who live with a person at high-risk for complications from the flu; and
• Health care workers, including physicians, nurses, and other workers in inpatient and
outpatient-care settings, medical emergency-response workers (e.g., paramedics and
emergency medical technicians), employees of nursing home and long-term care
facilities who have contact with patients or residents, and students in these professions
who will have contact with patients.

Adequate supplies of flu vaccine are available for this year’s season. Vaccinations can be given any time during the flu season. The flu activity level is tracked weekly as part of the CDC national flu surveillance system.

“You should also follow the advice your parents gave you to prevent flu and other illnesses that tend to circulate at this time of year – wash your hands frequently, cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze and stay home when you’re sick,” concluded CHFS Secretary Vickie Yates Brown Gilsson.

Infection with the flu virus can cause fever, headache, cough, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing and body aches. Flu can be very contagious. For more information on influenza or the availability of flu vaccine, please contact your local health department or visit http://healthalerts.ky.gov.

A recent spike in whooping cough cases is prompting health officials to remind parents to get their infants immunized on schedule.  Officials also urge parents, grandparents and caregivers as well as older children to get booster vaccine to prevent the disease.

According to CDC data, there were 449 whooping cough cases in Kentucky this year through November 26 compared to 163 cases for all of 2015. Since August 7 there have been six laboratory confirmed whooping cough cases and four additional possible cases in Louisville.  Most of those cases were linked to adults who were unsure of their vaccination status.

According to Dr. Joann Schulte, director of the Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness, adults may have pertussis but not realize it because it can initially seem like a common cold.  “If a person has a cough that last for more than two weeks, they need to see their healthcare provider and request to be tested for pertussis,” she said.

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Photo: CDC

Whooping cough can be deadly for babies younger than six months old,” said Schulte added.  “It is also vitally important for infants to get their immunizations against whooping cough at the appropriate stages in their growth and development.”

Whooping cough – known medically as pertussis — is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection. It spreads easily and can cause violent coughing fits that can last up to 10 weeks or more.  Although it initially resembles an ordinary cold, whooping cough may eventually turn more serious, particularly in infants. In some infants, the cough may be minimal or not even there. Infants may also display apnea, a pause in the child’s breathing pattern and in some cases may even turn blue. About half of infants younger than one year who get the disease need care in the hospital.

“The best way to prevent whooping cough is through vaccinations,” Schulte said.  The childhood vaccine is called DTaP. Adolescents and adults need a whooping cough booster vaccine called Tdap, as well.  Both protect against whooping cough, tetanus, and diphtheria.

“Even if parents and care givers have been immunized against whooping cough or had the illness as children, they should get the booster,” said Dr. Schulte. “Vaccines can wear off over time. Parents, siblings and care givers can then infect infants and young children.  Unfortunately babies younger than six months are too young to have completed their three pertussis immunizations and are not yet well protected by the pertussis vaccine.  They can become infected by others living in the home or by caregivers.”

The Department of Public Health and Wellness follows CDC guidelines advising parents and physicians that infants should receive a series of DTaP immunizations at ages 2, 4, and 6 months, with boosters at ages 15-18 months and at 4-6 years. Children should then get a single dose of TdaP vaccine beginning at age 11.  It is also recommended that family members of infants receive a one-time dose of adolescent/adult Tdap vaccine if they have not already done so.

Parents of infants and all people who live with an infant or who provide care to him or her should also be immunized against whooping cough. It is recommended that the infant’s family members receive a one-time dose of adolescent/adult tetanus-diphtheria-acellular (Tdap) vaccine if they have not already done so.

“Parents should contact their primary care providers for questions about any childhood or adult vaccine,” Schulte said.  We are also happy to answer any questions.  Call us at 574-6675.

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